Champions: Mark Miller, Erik Arvidsson, Jason Orendorff
Details: full proposal

Maps

If you want a simple storage mechanism that maps any object to anything, without the shenanigans of prototype-based inheritance, Maps offer just what you need.

let m = new Map();
m.set('something', 'something'.length);  // "something" → 9
m.has('something');     // true
m.get('something');     // 9
m.delete('something');  // true
m.has('something');     // false

You can also iterate through all keys and values.

m.set('something',      'something'.length);
m.set('something else', 'something else'.length);

let values = [];
for (let [key, value] of m) {
  values.push(value);
}
value;  // [9, 14]

Instead of a for loop, you can go functional:

m.forEach((value, key, map) => values.push(value));

Sets

Just like maps, we have an API for dealing with data we want to include or exclude from a fictitious bag.

let s = new Set([1, 2, 3]);  // s has 1, 2 and 3.
s.has(-Infinity);  // false
s.add(-Infinity);     // s has 1, 2, 3, and -Infinity.
s.has(-Infinity);  // true
s.delete(-Infinity);  // true
s.has(-Infinity);  // false

Just like maps, we can iterate through values.

let values = [];
for (let value of s) {
  values.push(value);
}
values;  // [1,2,3,-Infinity]

Let's go functional yet again!

s.forEach((value, value, set) => values.push(value));